Hollow fiber membrane bioreactors provide a versatile platform for biochemical processes. Their design consists of an array of hollow fibers, functioning as microenvironments. Optimizing the arrangement and material properties of these fibers is vital for achieving efficient product yield. Key design considerations include fiber thickness, fiber d

Membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology has emerged as a prominent solution for wastewater treatment due to its ability to achieve high removal efficiencies of organic matter, nutrients, and suspended solids. MBRs integrate a biological reactor with a membrane separation unit, effectively combining the advantages of conventional activated sludge syste